Artist Paul Nash (Eng) brings back his paintings of the Western Front.Tsar Nicholas II and his family are executed in Russia.Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia become independent.Lithuania and Latvia proclaim their independence from Russia.The Austrian emperor Karl abdicates Austria becomes a republic.World War I ends after Allied victories Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates and a so-called ‘Popular’ government assumes power Marcel Duchamp (Fr/Amer) anticipates conceptual art with Fountain (a urinal).Finland declares its independence from Russia.Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrows Provisional Russian Government and seizes power.Britain’s Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour announces that the British favour a national home for Jews in Palestine.In the Middle East, the Allies win the Battle of Gaza and capture Jerusalem from the Turks.Revolution in Russia Nicholas II abdicates Allies Eastern Front collapses and German-Russian armistice is signed.
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USA declares war on Germany US troops arrive in Europe James Joyce (Ire): Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.The Disquieting Muses is a painting by the Italian metaphysical painter Giorgio de Chirico.Gustav Klimt (Aus) paints Friederike Maria Beer.US troops quell disorders in the Dominican Republic.Sinn Fein’s ‘Easter Rising’ in Dublin is suppressed by British troops.Battle of the Somme: British tanks used for first time over one million British, French and German soldiers killed or wounded.Britain’s war minister Lord Kitchener is drowned when the Hampshire is sunk.World War I continues: the Battle of Verdun rages for ten months Romania enters the war against the Germans, who take Bucharest British and German fleets fight indecisive Battle of Jutland
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